Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Interleukin-31, Interleukin-31RA, and OSMR Expression Levels in Post-burn Hypertrophic Scars: Mi Young Lee, Eun Shin, Hyunchul Kim, In Suk Kwak, Younghee Choi; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(5):307-313. Published online August 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.08.03

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Background
Although several studies have shown the role of interleukin-31 (IL-31) and its receptors in inducing pruritus in certain skin disorders, knowledge of its role in post-burn hypertrophic scars is insufficient. Therefore, the histopathological expression levels of IL-31, IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA), and oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues were investigated and compared with normal tissue expression levels.
Methods
Samples of hypertrophic scar tissue were obtained from 20 burn patients through punch biopsy. Normal samples were obtained from areas adjacent to the burn injury site of the same patients. Samples were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraplast, and processed into serial 5-μm sections. Immunohistochemistry results were semi-quantitatively evaluated for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, epidermal and dermal thickness were assessed with a microscope and digital camera. Intensities were rated on a scale of 1 to 4.
Results
Percentages for IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR in the epidermal basal layer cell cytoplasm were significantly greater in the burn scar tissue compared to normal skin, as well as the dermal and epidermal thickness (p < .05). There was a significant difference in IL-31 epidermal basal layer intensity in burn scar tissue compared to normal skin (p < .05). Besides the OSMR basal layer intensity, IL-31 and IL-31RA intensities between the burn scar and normal tissues were not significant. However, correlations were significant, indicating that the greater the infiltration percentage, the higher the intensity (p < .05).
Conclusions
IL-31, IL-31RA, and OSMR expression levels are increased in hypertrophic scars compared with normal tissue.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Understanding Neural Factors in Burn-related Pruritus and Neuropathic Pain
Dulan A Gunawardena, Edward Stanley, Andrea C Issler-Fisher
Journal of Burn Care & Research.2023; 44(5): 1182. CrossRef
Canine interleukin-31 binds directly to OSMRβ with higher binding affinity than to IL-31RA
Yuxin Zheng, Jing Zhang, Tianling Guo, Jin Cao, Lixian Wang, Jie Zhang, Xuefei Pang, Feng Gao, Hua Sun, Haixia Xiao
3 Biotech.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Multimodal roles of transient receptor potential channel activation in inducing pathological tissue scarification
Yuping Zheng, Qingrui Huang, Yanfeng Zhang, Lanxin Geng, Wuqing Wang, Huimin Zhang, Xiang He, Qiannan Li
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of burn severity and posttraumatic stress symptoms in the co-occurrence of itch and neuropathic pain after burns: A longitudinal study
N. E. E. Van Loey, A. E. E. de Jong, H. W. C. Hofland, A. I. M. van Laarhoven
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Trial of Nemolizumab in Moderate-to-Severe Prurigo Nodularis
Sonja Ständer, Gil Yosipovitch, Franz J. Legat, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Carle Paul, Joanna Narbutt, Thomas Bieber, Laurent Misery, Andreas Wollenberg, Adam Reich, Faiz Ahmad, Christophe Piketty
New England Journal of Medicine.2020; 382(8): 706. CrossRef
Post-Burn Pruritus
Bo Young Chung, Han Bi Kim, Min Je Jung, Seok Young Kang, In-Suk Kwak, Chun Wook Park, Hye One Kim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(11): 3880. CrossRef
Novel Analgesics with Peripheral Targets
Cosmin I. Ciotu, Michael J.M. Fischer
Neurotherapeutics.2020; 17(3): 784. CrossRef
Post-Burn Pruritus and Its Management—Current and New Avenues for Treatment
Emilie Fowler, Gil Yosipovitch
Current Trauma Reports.2019; 5(2): 90. CrossRef

Histopathological Causes of Late Liver Allograft Dysfunction: Analysis at a Single Institution: Eun Shin, Ji Hoon Kim, Eunsil Yu; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):21-27. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.21

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Abstract PDF

Background

We summarize our experience in the pathological diagnosis of late complications of liver transplantation (LT) to better understand the causes of late allograft dysfunction in a population mostly composed of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods

We reviewed 361 post-transplant liver biopsies from 174 patients who underwent LT and first presented with liver function abnormalities 3 months post-procedure. The underlying diseases included HBV-associated liver disease (77%), toxic or alcoholic liver disease (10.3%), hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver disease (8.6%), primary biliary cirrhosis (1.2%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (1.2%), and metabolic disease (1.7%).

Results

The three most common late complications were acute rejection (32.5%), recurrent disease (19.1%), and biliary complication (17.1%). Patients who underwent LT for HBV infection or for drug- or alcohol-related liver disease had a lower incidence of recurring disease than those who underwent transplantation for HCV infection. During post-transplantation months 3-12, acute rejection was the most common cause of allograft dysfunction and recurring disease was the leading cause for allograft dysfunction (p=0.039). The two primary causes of late allograft dysfunction have overlapping histological features, although acute rejection more frequently showed bile duct damage and vascular endothelialitis than recurring HBV infection, and recurring HBV infection had more frequent lobular activity and piecemeal necrosis.

Conclusions

The causes of late liver allograft dysfunction are closely associated with the original liver diseases and the period after LT. Careful attention is required for differential diagnosis between acute rejection and recurrent HBV.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Liver Transplantation from a Human Leukocyte Antigen-Matched Sibling Donor: Effectiveness of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy against Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Tatsuo Kanda, Naoki Matsumoto, Tomotaka Ishii, Shuhei Arima, Shinji Shibuya, Masayuki Honda, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Ryota Masuzaki, Shini Kanezawa, Masahiro Ogawa, Shintaro Yamazaki, Osamu Aramaki, Hirofumi Kogure, Yukiyasu Okamura
Reports.2022; 5(4): 49. CrossRef
Differences in risk factors for early-onset and late-onset biliary complications in liver transplant patients
Hsiu-Lung Fan, An-Chieh Feng, Meng-Hsing Ho, Shih-Ming Kuo, Wei-Chou Chang, Teng-Wei Chen
Journal of Medical Sciences.2015; 35(5): 201. CrossRef
Vitamin C exerts beneficial hepatoprotection against Concanavalin A-induced immunological hepatic injury in mice through inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway
Tao Liang, Xiaoyu Chen, Min Su, Hongqiu Chen, Guozhe Lu, Kun Liang
Food & Function.2014; 5(9): 2175. CrossRef

Case Report

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of an Ileal Neobladder: A Case Report.: Ran Hong, Dong Youl Choi, Dae Eun Shin, Hyung Yoon Moon, Keun Hong Kee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(5):467-470.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.5.467

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Abstract PDF: Bladder reconstruction using bowel segments, especially the ileum, has become a realistic option for urinary diversion. There is only one prior case of squamous cell carcinoma of the ileal neobladder that has been reported in the clinical literature. Here we report a patient with a spectrum of squamous cell lesions, including squamous cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, squamous papilloma and squamous metaplasia that developed in the ileal neobladder. A 46-year-old woman underwent a hysterectomy, cystectomy and ileocystoplasty for tuberculosis 25 years previously complained of urinary frequency and gross hematuria for one week. A pelvic CT revealed a 6.3 cm mass in the neobladder. The histopathological examination showed an 11x8 cm polypoid fragile mass with a microscopically well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, squamous papilloma and non-tumor squamous metaplasia.

Original Articles

Detection of the c-m c Oncogene Amplification in Ovarian Carcinomas by Differential Polymerase Chain Reaction.: Geun Shin Lyu, Chan Kum Park, Chun Geun Lee, Youl Hee Cho, Youn Yeoung Hwang, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):644-654.

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Abstract PDF: The amplification of c-myc oncogene was evaluated in 42 cases of ovarian carcinomas to correlate with clinical parameters. Using oligonucleotide primers, sequences from the c-myc exon-3 gene and from a control gene, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), were amplified simultaneously by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After the products of differential PCR (d-PCR) were electrophoresed, slot blot hybridization was performed, and hybridized with P32 dATP-labeled myc and tPA oligonucleotide probes and then autoradiographed. The signal intensities of the two products were quantitated by densitometry and the ratios of two products (c-myc/tPA) were measured. The ovarian carcinomas showed significantly increased amplification of c-myc oncogene Oligonucleoti compared to normal control group (p<0.05). 15 of 42 cases (35.7%) showed various degrees of the MYC gene amplification up to 27 folds in various histologic types of ovarian carcinomas. No significant differences of the MYC gene amplification according to histologic subtypes, tumor action) grades and clinical stages of ovarian carcinomas were present.

Lipopolysaccharide/Interferon-gamma Induced Nitric Oxide Production in C6 Glioma Cells: Modulation by Dexamethasone.: Jong Heun Shin, Ku Seong Kang, Ji Yeoun Kim, Sun Zoo Kim, Ji Young Park, Eun Kyoung Kwak, Yoon Kyung Sohn; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(6):406-411.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Glial cell-derived nitric oxide (NO), and its regulation has significant implications for central nervous system pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to see the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-)-treated C6 glioma cells and the effect of dexamethasone on NO production and apoptosis of LPS/IFN--treated C6 glioma cells.
METHODS
The apoptosis of LPS/IFN- treated C6 glioma cell was examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and the production of NO in culture medium was measured. The expression of iNOS mRNA was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of the N-monomethyl L-arginine (NMMA) and dexamethasone on the apoptosis and NO production was also examined.
RESULTS
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and NO production were markedly increased in LPS/IFN--treated C6 glioma cells. The expression of iNOS mRNA arose at 3 hours, peaked at 12 hours, and declined 24 hours after LPS/IFN--treatment. Accumulation of NO derivatives in the culture media was increased at least upto 48 hours after LPS/IFN-. The induction of iNOS expression and NO production in LPS/IFN--treated C6 cells was correlated with apoptotic cell death judged by TUNEL staining. After treatment of NMMA, one of the NOS inhibitors, NO production and apoptosis were markedly decreased. Dexamehasone treatment suppressed the NO production by concentration depenedent manner.
CONCLUSIONS
From the above results it is concluded that the LPS/IFN- induced apoptosis of C6 cells is mediated by iNOS-derived NO and NO production and apoptosis was suppressed by dexamethasone.

Cytologic features of Langerhan's cell histiocytosis.: Geun Shin Lyu, Young Hyeh Ko, Moon Hyang Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):153-159.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology of malignancies of the pancreas.: Jung Dal Lee, Keun Shin Kyu, Jin Seok Ko, Chul Yong Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):37-51.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Case Reports

Localized Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: Report of a Case .: Chan Kum Park, Wan Sup Kim, Geun Shin Lyu, Seok Chol Jeon, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(1):107-111.

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Abstract: Initial rapid diagnosis of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis(PPC) occurring in a immunocompetent host was made by transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology of a solitary subpleural nodule. Numerous refractile spherical organisms surrounded by a clear halo were demonstrated with haematoxylin-eosin and Papanicolaou stains. The organisms, 5 15 micrometer in diameter, were easily demonstrated with Gomori methenamine-silver stain. Many of the organisms showed narrow-base budding. Carminophilic cell walls were well demonstrated with mucicarmine stain.

The Cytologic Features of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report .: Seung Yeon Ha, Hyuni Cho, Young Ha Oh, Geun Shin Lyu; Korean J Cytopathol. 1998;9(2):207-212.

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Abstract PDF: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinoma. This tumor is characterized by aggressive biological behavior with frequent local recurrence or metastatic spread, postmenopausal onset, and occasional association with conventional squamous cell carcinoma. The cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the uterine cervix is often difficult because of negative smear due to intact overlying mucosa, cytologic findings mimicking endometrial cells, and masquerade as squamous cell carcinoma. Recently we have experienced a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the uterine cervix, which was identified on the routine Papanicolaou smear and was histologically confirmed by the consequent biopsy. The smear showed abundant cellularity composed of relatively uniform cells. The tumor cells were arranged in small clusters, acini, naked cells, and loose sheets with abortive cribriform pattern. There were scattered globoid basement membrane-like materials and tumor diathesis. The nuclei were pleomorphic and showed hyperchromatic and coarsely granular choromatin with inconspicuous nucleoli. The punch biopsy of the uterine cervix showed typical histologic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma characterized by tumor nests composed of hyperchromatic uniform basaloid cells, cribriform pattern, and cylindrical hyaline bodies.

Original Articles

The Prognostic Significance of Neuroendocrine Differentiation for Treating Prostatic Carcinoma in 699 Cases of Radical Prostatectomy.: Tae Hoon Kang, Eun Shin, Baek Hee Kim, Gheeyoung Choe; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(6):381-388.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Neuroendocrine differentiation of prostatic carcinoma is known to be associated with a poor prognosis, tumor progression and androgen-independency, and there is currently no successful therapy for this type of tumor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic implications of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma in Korean men. METHODS: Six hundreds and ninety nine consecutive cases of radical prostatectomy specimens were systematically processed for topographic mapping. Neuroendocrine differentiation was detected by immunohistochemistry by using antibody to chromogranin. We analyzed the relationship between neuroendocrine differentiation and the clinicopathological prognostic factors, as well as biochemical failure. The neuroendocrine differentiation was evaluated according to the presence of chromogranin-positive cells, the pattern of neuroendocrine cells and the number of neuroendocrine cells, respectively.
RESULTS
Neuroendocrine differentiation was detected in 150 out of 699 cases (21.5%). The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as the pattern of neuroendocrine cells was correlated with biochemical failure and the other clinicopathological prognostic factors such as the Gleason score, the pathologic stage, the tumor volume, angiolymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, and the Ki-67 proliferative index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that neuroendocrine differentiation of prostatic carcinoma is a prognostic factor even in radical prostatectomy specimens for localized prostate cancer. Evaluation of the presence of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as the pattern of neuroendocrine cells is recommended in radical prostatectomy specimens.

The Prognostic Implications of the Histologic Subtype and the Expression of Phosphorylated ERK 1/2 in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma.: Bo Sung Kim, Dong Il Kim, Tae Hoon Kang, Eun Shin, Kyung Chul Moon; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(4):215-222.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The authors of this study wanted to confirm the prognostic implication of the histologic subtype; further, we wanted to explore the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK) in papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and determine its clinicopathologic and prognostic significance.
METHODS
A total of 45 patients who underwent nephrectomy for PRCC were enrolled in this study. The hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed and pERK immunohistochemistry was performed.
RESULTS
Type 2 PRCC was significantly correlated with a larger tumor size (p=0.030), a higher nuclear grade (p<0.001), a more advanced tumor stage (p=0.041) and more frequent distant metastasis (p=0.019). The tumors were pERK-low (0 and 1+) in 30 cases (66.7%) and pERK-high (2+) in 15 cases (33.3%). The pERK-high PRCC was significantly associated with a smaller tumor size (p=0.001) and an earlier tumor stage (p=0.004). On the univariate analysis, the histologic subtype, the TNM stage and the pERK status were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis showed that the histologic subtype (hazard ratio 22.81, p=0.042) and the TNM stage (hazard ratio 23.48, p=0.009) were independent prognostic factors for PFS.
CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 PRCC, together with the TNM stage, was identified as one of independent poor prognostic factors for PFS. The pERK status was a prognostic factor for PFS on the univariate analysis, but not on the multivariate analysis.

Case Reports

Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A case report.: Chan Pil Park, Geun Shin Lyu, Chan Kum Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):313-315.

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Abstract: Fibrosarcoma in newborns and infants, designated as congenital, infantile, or juvenile fibrosarcoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm occurring most frequently during the first year of life. Infantile fibrosarcoma is associated with favorable clinical behavior that is markedly different from that of adult fibrosarcoma., We report a case of infantile fibrosarcoma occured in a 3-year-old boy presenting as a palpable mass in the left lower extremity since 3 months of life. Histologic findings of the tumor are similar to those of f ibrosarcomas in adult.

Clear Cell Meningioma arising from Lumbar Nerve Root in a Child: A case report.: Eun Kyung Hong, Geun Shin Lyu, Moon Hyang Park; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(2):179-184.

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Abstract PDF: Meningioma of unusual age of onset, location, histogenesis and histologic type is reported. The patient, 4 year-old girl, had an intradural spinal meningioma arising from lumbar nerve root with no dural attachement. The meningioma revealed glycogen-rich, clear cell type with extensive and blocky hyalinization of the stroma. The tumor shared common fibrous sheath with attached lumbar nerve, and nerve fibers were scattered within the tumor. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had abundant glycogen particles, intermediate filaments and intercellular desmosomes. Hyalinized material revealed large amianthoid collagen fibers.

Limb-Body Wall Malformation Complex: Two autopsy cases and its pathogenesis.: Geun Shin Lyu, Nam Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(6):638-644.

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Abstract PDF: Limb-body wall malformation complex(LBWC), also know as the amniotic band syndrome, is a poorly defined, sporadic group of congenital anomaly characterized by a collection of protean fetal malformation, deformation and disruption. Accurate diagnosis is often difficult because of its variable presentation pattern and the absence of exactly same case. We report two autopsy cases. One revealed body wall, cardiac, and craniofacial anomalies with anencephaly, and amniotic adhesive band attached to craniofacial defect of the fetal part without evidence of amniotic rupture. The other exibited abdominal wall defect with omphalocele, visceral, postural, and limb anomalies together with neural tube defect in the lumbosacral region. The pathogenesis of this syndrome was discussed in detail.

Original Article

A Histopathological Study on the Estrogen-induced Breast Lesion in Rats.: Gyung Hyuck Ko, Cheol Keun Park, Myoung Keun Shin, Soo Min Kang, Hye Jung Lee, Jeong Hee Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(5):466-475.

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Abstract PDF: Forty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 12.5 mg estradiol ant the age of 3 weeks. Three rats were killed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks and in every month during 2~12 months after implantation, and the breasts were examined by light microscope. In all rats, enlargement of terminal end buds was obseved in 1~2 weeks, maximum development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in 3 weeks, and marked dilatation and secretion of alveoli or ducts in 1~12 months after implantation. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 27 rats and carcinomas developed in 23 rats in 2~12 months after implantation. It was thought that the changes induced by estradiol are more similar to the human breast lesions, compared with changes induced by chemical carcinogens such as dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), because breast carcinomas developed in close relationship with ductal epithelial hyperplasia in both estradiol-treated rats and humans, but not in DMBA-treated rats.

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